Human Prostrate Cancer Hallmarks Map

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Prostrate Cancer Tumor Suppression

Intrinsic components of Prostrate Cancer Tumor Suppression

ProteinProtein NameMolecular TypeEvidenceReference
TP53Tumor protein p53Transcription FactorTP53 functions as a tumour suppressor and suffers from mutation in prostate cancer.Reference
TP53Tumor protein p53Transcription FactorTumour suppressor TP53 mutations in exon 7 and exon 8 are factors of tumor progression in PCa.Reference
SMAD4SMAD family member 4Transcription FactormiR-888 expressions are increased in advanced prostate cancer and miR-888 targets and lowers the expression levels of tumour suppressor SMAD4.Reference
SMAD4SMAD family member 4Transcription FactorSMAD4 is a tumor suppressor located on chromosome 18q21.1 and its expression levels are reduced in prostate cancer tissues compared to normal prostate.Reference
WT1Wilms tumor 1Transcription FactorWilm's tumour gene (WT1) function as a tumour suppressor in prostate cancer progression by regulating prostate tumour cell growth.Reference
FOXO1Forkhead box O1Transcription FactorAberrant activation of CDK1 and CDK2 results in phosphorylation and inactivation of FOXO1, inhibiting its tumour suppressive function.Reference
FOXO1Forkhead box O1Transcription FactorFOXO1 play a crucial role in prostate cancer tumor suppression by acting as a key downstream effector of PTEN.Reference
RB1Retinoblastoma 1Transcription Regulatory ProteinRB1 function as a tumour suppressor gene in prostate cancer as RB1 loss induces E2F1 mediated deregulation of the AR locus.Reference
SMAD3SMAD family member 3Transcription Regulatory ProteinTGF beta induced SMAD3 mediated signaling have a tumor suppressive activity in castration resistant prostate cancer.Reference
RAC1Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1)GTPaseRAC1 is involved in Cyclin D1 mediated cell cycle regulation through PAK1 in androgen independent prostate cancer cell.Reference
SMAD2SMAD family member 2DNA Binding ProteinSMAD2 functions as a tumor suppressor in basal epithelia of prostate cancer NRP-152 cells.Reference
SMAD2SMAD family member 2DNA Binding ProteinTGF beta induced SMAD2 mediated signalling have a tumor suppressive activity in castration resistant prostate cancer.Reference
DAB2Dab, mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein, homolog 2 (Drosophila)Adaptor ProteinDAB2 functions as a potent tumour suppressor in prostate cancer; functions as a negative regulator of cell growth.Reference
BIN1Bridging integrator 1Adaptor ProteinBIN1 is the chromosome 2q prostate tumour suppressor gene and frequently deleted in metastatic prostate cancer; Its inactivation contributes to the enhancement of c-MYC mediated oncogenic function .Reference
ANK1Ankyrin 1, erythrocyticAdaptor ProteinANK1 tumour suppressor present on 8p22 is frequently deleted in both metastatic and localized prostate cancer specimens.Reference
BECN1Beclin 1, autophagy relatedAdaptor ProteinBECN1 is implicated as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor in prostate cancer; located on chromosome 17q21 that is commonly deleted in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer.Reference
TGFBR2Transforming growth factor, beta receptor IIReceptor Serine/threonine KinaseIt functions as a tumor suppressor in early tumorigenesis; it follows loss of expression, epigenetic silencing, mutation and down regulation during prostate tumorigenesis.Reference
TGFBR2Transforming growth factor, beta receptor IIReceptor Serine/threonine KinaseOverexpression of TGFBR2 LNCaP prostate cancer cells induces prostate tumorigenic suppression by caspase dependent apoptosisReference
TGFBR2Transforming growth factor, beta receptor IIReceptor Serine/threonine KinaseAlthough TGF-beta inhibits the proliferation of normal prostate cells and functions as a tumor suppressor in early tumorigenesis, it acts as a tumor promoter in later stages of tumor progressionReference
BMPR2Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase)Receptor Serine/threonine KinaseBMP-9 is a putative tumor suppressor in prostate cancer and and in thses functional context BMPR2 is required for its functionReference
BMPR2Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase)Receptor Serine/threonine KinaseBMP-9 is a putative tumor suppressor in prostate cancer and BMPR2 is required for its functionReference
EPHB2EPH receptor B2Receptor Tyrosine KinaseEPHB2 is implicated as a prostate cancer tumour suppressor gene with somatic inactivating mutations occurring in ?10% of sporadic prostatic tumours.Reference
PHBProhibitinAdaptor ProteinPHB acts as a tumour suppressor and AR co repressor in prostate cancer; It is targeted by miR-27a, which is regulated by AR.Reference
PHBProhibitinAdaptor ProteinPHB mediates tumour suppressive effects in prostate cancer and is involved in maintaining a balance between cell survival and apoptosisReference
NGFRNerve growth factor receptorCell Surface ReceptorNGFR(p75NTR) tumour suppressor is lost during prostate cancer progression and is involved in regulation of apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.Reference
ST7Suppression of tumorigenicity 7Cell Cycle Control ProteinST7 located on chromosome 7q31.1 functions as a tumour suppressor in prostate cancer by mediating modification of tumour microenvironments.Reference
CDKN1BCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1)Cell Cycle Control ProteinCDKN1B (p27) located on chromosome 16q, functions as a tumour suppressor in prostate cancer due to allelic loss and LOH. Reference
CDKN1ACyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)Cell Cycle Control ProteinCDKN1A (p21) acts as a tumour suppressor during prostate tumorigenesis because of promoter hypermethylation.Reference
CEACAM1Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (biliary glycoprotein)Adhesion MoleculeCEACAM1 play a tumor suppressive role in prostate cancer due to its ability to inhibit angiogenesis.Reference
FYNFYN oncogene related to SRC, FGR, YESTyrosine KinaseFYN functions as a prostate cancer tumour suppressor in the altered biochemical landscape of neoplastic transformation.Reference
FYNFYN oncogene related to SRC, FGR, YESTyrosine KinaseFYN located at chromosome 6q21 play a tumour suppressive role during prostate cancer progression; suffers from chromosomal deletion & promoter hypermethylation..Reference
NGFRNerve growth factor receptorCell Surface ReceptorNGFR [p75(NTR)], a tumour suppressor which is lost during the course of prostate tumorigenesis, plays a significant role in regulation of prostate cancer cell cycle.Reference
FOXO1Forkhead box O1Transcription FactorFOXO1A, which is downregulated in human prostate cancer, plays an important tumour suppressive role through inhibition of androgen receptor signaling and suppression of prostate cancer cell proliferation.Reference
MED1Mediator complex subunit 1Transcription Regulatory ProteinTGFBR3 functions as a tumour suppressor gene in human prostate cancer; Its loss of expression is mediated by LOH and epigenetic silencing.Reference
cPAcPAcid phosphatase, prostateAcid PhosphatasecPAcP functions as a negative regulator of cell proliferation and a tumour suppressor in prostate cancer.Reference
ARA70Nuclear receptor coactivator 4Transcription Regulatory ProteinARA70, an androgen receptor coactivator functions as a tumour suppressor gene in human prostate cancer and is associated with prostate cancer cell growth and invasion.Reference
IQGAP2IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2GTPase activating proteinIQGAP2, functions as a tumour suppressor in human prostate cancer through regulation of E-cadherin.Reference
ID4Inhibitor of DNA binding 4, dominant negative helix-loop-helix proteinTranscription Regulatory ProteinID4, a member of the Id gene family, functions as an important tumour suppressor in human prostate cancer through influencing cell proliferation.Reference
NKX3-1NK3 homeobox 1Transcription FactorNKX3.1(NKX3-1), an androgen inducible tumour suppressor which is inactivated during prostate cancer progression, plays an important role in the activation of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions.Reference
ALDH1A2Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2EnzymeALDH1A2, encodes an enzyme responsible for synthesis of retinoic acid, functions as a potential tumour suppressor in human prostate cancer.Reference
TGFBR3Transforming growth factor, beta receptor IIICell Surface ReceptorTGFBR3, which is lost during prostate cancer progression, plays a very crucial tumour suppressive role through effecting on prostate cancer cell motility and invasion.Reference
SERPINB5Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 5Protease inhibitorThe haploinsufficient tumour suppressor maspin (SERPINB5) plays a critical function in regulation of prostate epithelial cell proliferation.Reference
TSC1Tuberous sclerosis 1Cytoskeletal associated proteinTuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1), a critical negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling, functions as a potential tumour suppressor in aged mouse.Reference
CHD1Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1DNA Binding ProteinChromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1), functions as an essential tumour suppressor in prostate cancer through regulation of AR-responsive tumor suppressor genes.Reference
CADM2Cell adhesion molecule 2Adhesion MoleculeCADM-2 plays a potential tumour suppressive role in the metastaatic progression of prostate cancer.Reference
MT1HMetallothionein 1HUnclassifiedMT1H, a metal binding protein plays a tumour suppressive role in human prostate cancer through activation of euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1).Reference
RFWD2Ring finger and WD repeat domain 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligaseUbiquitin proteasome system proteinUbiquitin ligase COP1(RFWD2) functions as a tumour suppressor through influencing prostate cancer epithelial cell proliferation.Reference
PAX6Paired box 6Transcription FactorThe tumour suppressive functions of PAX6 is mainly mediated by suppression of prostate cancer cell growth in an androgen receptor dependent manner.Reference
CFDComplement factor D (adipsin)EnzymeAdiponectin (CFD), a hormone secreted by adipose tissue plays an important tumour suppressive role in human prostate cancer associated epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation.Reference
15-LOX2Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, type BEnzyme15-Lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX2), a human-specific lipid-peroxidizing enzyme which plays a key role in the induction of cellular senescence program, functions as a critical tumour suppressor and is completely lost during prostate cancer progression.Reference