| Protein | Protein Name | Molecular Type | Feature | Evidence | Reference |
|---|
| TGFBR2 | Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II | Receptor Serine/threonine Kinase | Cancer Microenvironment | TbetaRII expression occurred in the stromal compartments of human primary prostate cancer and prostate cancer bone metastatic tissues | Reference |
| BMPR2 | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase) | Receptor Serine/threonine Kinase | Cancer Microenvironment | BMP7-BMPR2-p38-NDRG1 axis plays an important role in dormancy and recurrence of prostate CSC(cancer stem like cell)s in bone | Reference |
| BMPR2 | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase) | Receptor Serine/threonine Kinase | Cancer Microenvironment | BMPR2 and CXCR4 are involved in heterotypic cell-cell interaction mediated by both autocrine and paracrine way | Reference |
| PDGFRB | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide | Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Cancer Microenvironment | In the prostate cancer microenvironment and bone microenvironment PDGFRB mediated signaling in stroma play an important role in prostate cancer bone metastasis | Reference |
| AXL | AXL receptor tyrosine kinase | Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Cancer Microenvironment | In the hypoxic tumour microenvironment and bone microenvironment, enhanced GAS6/Axl signaling drives prostate tumorigenesis. | Reference |
| MET | Met proto-oncogene | Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Cancer Microenvironment | c-MET is involved in the regulations tumour infiltration in surrounding malignant tissues by acquisition of a stem-like phenotype. | Reference |
| CXCR4 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 | G protein Coupled Receptor | Cancer Microenvironment | CXCL12/CXCR4 mediated signaling is associated with secretion of MM9 in the local microenvironment | Reference |
| AR | Androgen receptor | Nuclear Receptor | Cancer Microenvironment | ability of epithelial cells to modulate coregulator recruitment to the AR transcriptional complex on androgen-responsive genes seems altered in the stromal microenvironment of prostate cancer | Reference |
| AR | Androgen receptor | Nuclear Receptor | Cancer Microenvironment | Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by macrophages in the prostate cancer microenvironment may signal via the androgen receptor (AR) to influence tumor progression | Reference |
| AR | Androgen receptor | Nuclear Receptor | Cancer Microenvironment | Androgen receptor(AR) in the prostate tumour microenvironment epigenetically suppressed SPARCL1 and there by promotes metastasis. | Reference |
| AR | Androgen receptor | Nuclear Receptor | Cancer Microenvironment | AR mediated signaling in prostate myofibroblasts plays an important role in stromal-mediated alterations to the ECM and microenvironment. | Reference |
| AR | Androgen receptor | Nuclear Receptor | Cancer Microenvironment | Androgen receptor(AR) in the prostate cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) plays an important role in regulating the expression of series of growth factors which are associated with cell growth and invasions. | Reference |
| IL6 | Interleukin 6 | Cytokine | Cancer Microenvironment | IL-6 plays an important roles in prostate cancer associated fibroblast(CAF) activation. | Reference |
| INS | Insulin | Growth Factor | Cancer Microenvironment | Insulin and leptin secreted by pre-adipocyte (one of the basic components in the prostate tumor microenvironment) critically mediated prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival, there by promoting its aggressiveness. | Reference |
| STIM1 | Stromal interaction molecule 1 | Adhesion Molecule | Cancer Microenvironment | Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) plays a role in modulation of prostate tumour microenvironment through inhibition of macrophage recruitment. | Reference |
| MCP1 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 | Chemokine | Cancer Microenvironment | Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), secreted from adipocyte (one of the basic components in the prostate tumor microenvironment) and enhances the growth & invasion of human prostate cancer cell. | Reference |
| FABP4 | Fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte | Chaperone | Cancer Microenvironment | Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a novel adipokine secreted from adipocyte (one of the basic components in the prostate tumor microenvironment) and promotes prostate cancer cell invasion by binding with fatty acids and activating PI3K/AKT pathway. | Reference |
| ADIPOQ | Adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing | Secreted Polypeptide | Cancer Microenvironment | ADIPOQ (adiponectin), secreted from adipocyte (one of the basic components in the prostate tumor microenvironment) and enhances prostate cancer cell motility through activation of ADIPOR1/AMPK mediated signaling. | Reference |
| PKM2 | Pyruvate kinase | Enzyme | Cancer Microenvironment | Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in response of cancer associated fibroblast(CAF) contact, promotes prostate cancer associated epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) through formation of a trimeric complex with HIF1A & DEC1. | Reference |
| CXCL13 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 | Chemokine | Cancer Microenvironment | Androgen ablation induced hypoxia promotes myofibroblasts activation and CXCL13 induction which plays a role in prostate cancer metastatic progression. | Reference |
| PIM1 | Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase | Serine/Threonine Kinase | Cancer Microenvironment | PIM1 oncogene overexpressed in prostate fibroblat plays a crucial role in the differentiation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by controlling both the transcription and translation of specific mRNAs. | Reference |
| RUNX1 | Runt-related transcription factor 1 | Transcription Factor | Cancer Microenvironment | RUNX1 plays an essential role in differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BM-MSC) into myofibroblast through a TGFbeta1 responsive manner. | Reference |
| TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor, beta 1 | Ligand | Cancer Microenvironment | Prostate cancer cells secreted exsomal TGF beta1 is required for differentiation of stromal fibroblast into myofibroblasts and there by promotes the formation of prostate tumour-promoting stroma. | Reference |
| IGFBP3 | Insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 | Growth Inhibitory Factor | Cancer Microenvironment | IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) plays a critical role in fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in the diseased prostatic stroma. | Reference |
| ANXA1 | Annexin A1 | Calcium Binding Protein | Cancer Microenvironment | Annexin A1 (AnxA1), secreted from prostate cancer associated fibroblast(CAF) and contributes to generation, proliferation and differentiation of cancer stem like cells. | Reference |
| TIMP1 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 | Extracellular Matrix Protein | Cancer Microenvironment | Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), secreted by prostate cancer cell promotes proliferation and migration of cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) and in turn induces accumulation of CAFs within prostate tumour microenvironment and tere by enhances prostate tumorigenesis. | Reference |
| GDF15 | Growth differentiation factor 15 | Growth Factor | Cancer Microenvironment | GDF15 (growth/differentiation factor 15), secreted by cancer associated fibroblast(CAF) plays a significant role in human prostate tumorigenesis, | Reference |
| COX2 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | Enzyme | Cancer Microenvironment | Cycloxygenase-2 (COX2) mediated oxidative stress in prostate cancer, in response of MMP2/9 secreted by cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) plays a very crucial role in prostate cancer epithelial mesenchymal transition | Reference |
| IL6 | Interleukin 6 | Cytokine | Cancer Microenvironment | IL-6 secreted by prostate cancer cell functions in a critical manner for the conversion of stromal fibroblast into prostate cancer associated fibroblast(CAF). | Reference |
| DNMT1 | DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 | Enzyme | Cancer Microenvironment | Prostate cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) shows high level of DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1) activity as a result of loss of TGFbeta mediated signaling and promotes prostate tumorigenesis. | Reference |
| CAIX | Carbonic anhydrase IX | Enzyme | Cancer Microenvironment | Extracellular acidification of prostate tumour microenvironment, mediated by carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) released from prostate cancer associated fibroblast(CAF) plays a very interesting role in prostate cancer epithelial mesenchymal transition and associated metastasis. | Reference |
| PAR1 | Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor | G protein coupled receptor | Cancer Microenvironment | Protease-activated receptor 1(PAR1) , overexpressed in myofibroblast plays an important role in remodelling of prostate tumour microenvironment. | Reference |
| ARG2 | Arginase 2 | Enzyme | Cancer Microenvironment | Arginase II (ARG2) is highly expressed in prostate cancer associated fibroblast and plays a crucial role in immune suppression of prostate tumour microenvironment. | Reference |
| HIC5 | Transforming growth factor beta 1 induced transcript 1 | Transcription Regulatory Protein | Cancer Microenvironment | Hydrogen peroxide-inducible gene 5 (Hic-5/TGFB1I1) functions as a a transferable adaptor between focal adhesions and the nucleus of prostate myofibroblasts and facilitates androgen receptor mediated signaling and events. | Reference |
| TRPM8 | Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8 | Intracellular Ligand Gated Channel | Cancer Microenvironment | TRPM8, the cold-sensitive Ca(2+) channel protein in prostate cancer cell plays a very significant role in HIF1A stabilization and its associated hypoxia growth adptation to prostate tumour microenvironment. | Reference |
| ESRRA | Estrogen-related receptor alpha | Transcription Regulatory Protein | Cancer Microenvironment | Oestrogen-related receptor-alpha (ERRA) interacts with HIF1A and there by promotes hypoxic growth adaptation to prostate cancer microenvironment. | Reference |