| Protein | Protein Name | Molecular Type | Feature | Evidence | Reference |
|---|
| CTNNB1 | Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa | Adhesion Molecule | Castration Resistance | Beta-Catenin (CTNNB1), a key mediator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays a leading role in the development and progression of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through interaction with androgen receptor (AR). | Reference |
| PIK3R1 | Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) | Adaptor Protein | Castration Resistance | PI3K pathway activation (due to loss of PTEN tumour suppressor) along with its crosstalk with androgen receptor (AR) plays a very significant role in the development and progression of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). | Reference |
| AR | Androgen receptor | Nuclear Receptor | Castration Resistance | Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical transcriptional regulatory role in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). | Reference |
| FHL2 | Four and a half LIM domains 2 | Adaptor Protein | Castration Resistance | Adaptor protein FHL2 plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression through transcriptional coactivation of androgen receptor (AR) variants AR-V7. | Reference |
| PXN | Paxillin | Cytoskeletal Associated Protein | Castration Resistance | Paxillin(PXN), a known cytoplasmic adaptor protein, plays a crucial regulatory role of growth factor mediated signaling pathways in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). | Reference |
| CXCR4 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 | G protein Coupled Receptor | Castration Resistance | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) mediates castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) development through transactivation of androgen receptor (AR). | Reference |
| VAV3 | Vav 3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor | Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor | Castration Resistance | VAV3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is highly expressed in human prostate cancer, plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth through coactivation of androgen receptor(AR). | Reference |
| MET | Met proto-oncogene | Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Castration Resistance | MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase plays a very critical role in the castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth through activation of SOX9 and CTNNB1. | Reference |
| BIRC6 | Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 | Adaptor Protein | Castration Resistance | BIRC6, a member of the Inhibitors of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family, which is highly expressed in castration-resistant Gleason 8-10 prostate cancers, plays a role in human prostate cancer cell survival. | Reference |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor | Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Castration Resistance | Epidermal growth factor receptor, which is overexpressed in human prostate cancer (due to loss of miR-146a), plays a very important role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) development. | Reference |
| PLK1 | Polo-like kinase 1 | Serine/Threonine Kinase | Castration Resistance | Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which is highly expressed in human prostate cancer, drives castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through constitutive activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. | Reference |
| INSR | Insulin Receptor | Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Castration Resistance | Insulin Receptor (INSR) plays a role in the progression of castration resistant prostate cancer and its expression correlates with increasing Gleason grade and CRPC. | Reference |
| FZD4 | Frizzled class receptor 4 | G protein Coupled Receptor | Castration Resistance | Frizzled class receptor 4(FZD4) mediated Wnt signaling which involves beta catenine, plays a very important role in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in a context dependent manner. | Reference |
| SIAH2 | Siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 | Unclassified | Castration Resistance | Ubiquitin ligase SIAH2 is involved in castration resistant prostate cancer(CRPC) through regulation of androgen receptor transcriptional activity. | Reference |
| BMX | BMX non-receptor tyrosine kinase | Tyrosine Kinase | Castration Resistance | Non-receptor tyrosine kinase ETK/BMX is critically involved in castration resistant prostate cancer cell growth in response of androgen ablation therapy. | Reference |
| FOXA1 | Forkhead box A1 | Transcription Factor | Castration Resistance | Transcription factor FoxA1 plays a critical role in G? to S-phase and G? to M-phase cell cycle transition in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). | Reference |
| NCOA3 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 3 | Transcription Regulatory Protein | Castration Resistance | Transcriptional coactivator SRC-3 (NCOA3) is highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer and is involved in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression through enhancement of AKT activity. | Reference |
| STYK1 | Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 | Dual Specificity Kinase | Castration Resistance | Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1), which is overexpressed in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells and plays a role in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through enhancement of cell proliferation. | Reference |
| AKR1C3 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 | Enzyme | Castration Resistance | Aldo keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator promotes castration resistant prostate cancer cell growth. | Reference |
| PIM1 | Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase | Serine/Threonine Kinase | Castration Resistance | PIM1 kinase, a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in human prostate cancer, plays a role in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). | Reference |
| HES6 | Hes family bHLH transcription factor 6 | Transcription Regulatory Protein | Castration Resistance | HES6, a transcription co-factor that is up-regulated in aggressive human prostate cancer, is involved in the promotion of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth through enhancement of E2F1 mediated cell cycle network. | Reference |
| YB1 | Y-box binding protein 1 | Transcription Factor | Castration Resistance | Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1), a pleiotropic transcription factor which is upregulated in CPRC, drives castration resistance through enhancement of androgen receptor (AR) expression. | Reference |
| MED12 | Mediator complex subunit 12 | Transcription Regulatory Protein | Castration Resistance | MED12, which encodes a subunit of the Mediator complex, is overexpressed in CRPC, is involved in the progression of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in a TGF-beta dependent manner. | Reference |
| NR5A1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 | Nuclear Receptor | Castration Resistance | Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) critically mediates steroid accumulation and there by promotes castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth. | Reference |
| RLN2 | Relaxin 2 | Peptide Hormone | Castration Resistance | H2 relaxin (RLN2), which is significantly upregulated in human prostate cancer, plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth and survival through activation of PKA and NF-kB pathway. | Reference |
| ACK1 | Tyrosine kinase, non-receptor, 2 | Tyrosine Kinase | Castration Resistance | ACK1, a growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase, plays a crucial role in the modulation of radiation resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer through ACK1/AR/ATM signaling pathway. | Reference |
| LAT1 | Solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 5 | Transport/Cargo Protein | Castration Resistance | LAT1, a L-type amino acid transporter, is involved in G2 to M phase transition of human prostate cancer associated cell cyle and there by critically drives metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer progression. | Reference |
| LAT3 | Solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y+L system), member 6 | Transport/Cargo Protein | Castration Resistance | LAT3, a L-type amino acid transporter, is involved in G2 to M phase transition of human prostate cancer associated cell cyle and there by stimulates metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer development. | Reference |
| SREBP1 | Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 | Transcription Factor | Castration Resistance | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) plays a pivotal role in the promotion of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through activation of androgen receptor(AR) and modulation of lipogenesis and ROS signaling. | Reference |
| WNT7B | Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 7B | Ligand | Castration Resistance | WNT7B, an AR target gene that highly expressed in CRPC and plays a critical role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth. | Reference |
| ANG | Angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 | Enzyme | Castration Resistance | Angiogenin (ANG), a ribonuclease that is highly expressed in human prostate cancer plays a significant role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth through stimulation rRNA transcription. | Reference |
| MID1 | Midline 1 | Ubiquitin proteasome system protein | Castration Resistance | MID1, an AR signaling mediator which is overexpressed in human prostate cancer plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). | Reference |
| FER | Fer (fps/fes related) tyrosine kinase | Tyrosine Kinase | Castration Resistance | Fer tyrosine kinase is involved in the castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) development through aberrrant activation of AR signaling. | Reference |
| HDAC6 | Histone deacetylase 6 | Enzyme | Castration Resistance | Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer(CRPC) progression through regulation of AR hypersensitivity and nuclear localization via modulating HSP90 acetylation. | Reference |
| PGC1A | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha | Transcription Regulatory Protein | Castration Resistance | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC1A), an AR cofactor which is overexpressed in human prostate cancer, plays a role in the progression of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through activation of androgen receptor(AR). | Reference |
| TACC2 | Transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 | Cell Cycle Control Protein | Castration Resistance | Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 2 (TACC2), an androgen-regulated gene plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell growth through regulation of cell cycle. | Reference |
| PKIB | Protein kinase (cAMP-dependent, catalytic) inhibitor beta | Enzyme Regulator | Castration Resistance | PKIB (cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor-beta), which was overexpressed specifically in CRPC, plays a vital role in aggressive manifestation of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through AKT phosphorylation. | Reference |
| TWIST1 | Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 | Transcription Factor | Castration Resistance | TWIST1, a member of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, plays a significant role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression through androgen receptor (AR) overexpression. | Reference |
| ARR2 | Arrestin, beta 2 | Adaptor protein | Castration Resistance | Arrestin2 (ARR2), a ubiquitous scaffolding/adaptor protein, is involved in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell proliferation through regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression. | Reference |
| LYN | LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase | Tyrosine Kinase | Castration Resistance | Lyn tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed in CRPC, plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression through regulation of androgen receptor (AR) stability and transcriptional activity | Reference |
| CAMK2N1 | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1 | Unclassified | Castration Resistance | CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II), which is downregulated in human prostate cancer, plays a tumour suppressive role during castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. | Reference |
| CAMKK2 | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta | Enzyme | Castration Resistance | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), which is downregulated during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), is involved in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). | Reference |
| PDE4B | Phosphodiesterase 4B | Enzyme | Castration Resistance | cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is downregulated in human prostate cancer and confers the acquisition of castration resistance through activation of protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. | Reference |
| IL6 | Interleukin 6 | Cytokine | Castration Resistance | IL-6 plays a role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) development through mediating docetaxel resistance. | Reference |
| RSK1 | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 1 | Serine/Threonine Kinase | Castration Resistance | Ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) and YB-1 mediated signaling plays a role in enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer and there by promotes castration resistance. | Reference |
| ROCK1 | Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 | Serine/Threonine Kinase | Castration Resistance | ROCK1 plays an important role in human prostate tumorigenesis (due to loss of tumour suppressor Mir-146a) and there by drives castration resistance in a hyaluronan (HA) dependent manner. | Reference |
| PRL1 | Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase of regenerating liver 1 | Tyrosine Phosphatase | Castration Resistance | Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase of regenerating liver 1 (PRL1) plays a role in the acquisition of prostate cancer castration resistance through regulation of EGFR expression. | Reference |
| YAP1 | Yes associated protein 1 | Transcription Regulatory Protein | Castration Resistance | Yes-associated protein (YAP), a crucial effector of the hippo tumor suppressor pathway, drives castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) development through regulation of cell growth. | Reference |
| DAB2IP | DAB2 interacting protein | Ras GTPase-activating protein | Castration Resistance | Loss of DAB2IP expression, which functions as a key tumour suppressor in human prostate cancer, plays a very crucial role in promotion of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through mediating chemoresistance. | Reference |