ARHC

SYNONYMS

• ras homolog gene family, member C

• RhoC

• ARH9

• Aplysia ras-related homolog 9

Biochemical class

• The GTP-binding protein Rho. Ridley AJ.

Chromosome human            

• Genomic ARH9 clone refined the gene's localization to chromosome 1, bands p13-p21. Morris SW, Valentine MB, Kirstein MN, Huebner K.                       

• Chromosome localization of human ARH genes, a ras-related gene family.Cannizzaro LA, Madaule P, Hecht F, Axel R, Croce CM, Huebner K.

Oncogenic activation

• Elevated expression of the rhoC gene may be involved in the progression of pancreatic carcinoma independent of K-ras gene activation. Suwa H, Ohshio G, Imamura T, Watanabe G, Arii S, Imamura M, Narumiya S, Hiai H, Fukumoto M.     

• Genomic analysis of metastasis reveals an essential role for RhoC. Clark EA, Golub TR, Lander ES, Hynes RO.

Oncogenecity

• Analysis of the phenotype of cells expressing dominant-negative Rho or RhoC indicates that RhoC is important in tumour cell invasion. Clark EA, Golub TR, Lander ES, Hynes RO.      

• The expression levels of the rhoC gene were significantly higher in tumours than in non-malignant portions. Suwa H, Ohshio G, Imamura T, Watanabe G, Arii S, Imamura M, Narumiya S, Hiai H, Fukumoto M.

Regulation

• Different members of the family of human Rho GTPases, including RhoA, RhoC, and Rac1, participate in the regulation of apoptosis in response to cytokines and serum. Embade N, Valeron PF, Aznar S, Lopez-Collazo E, Lacal JC.

• Rho proteins regulate actin cytoskeletal organization. Ridley AJ.

• These suggest that elevated expression of the rhoC gene may be involved in the progression of pancreatic carcinoma independent of K-ras gene activation. Suwa H, Ohshio G, Imamura T, Watanabe G, Arii S, Imamura M, Narumiya S, Hiai H, Fukumoto M.

Function

• Rho A, Rho C and Rac 1, are capable of inducing apoptosis in different cell systems. Esteve P, Embade N, Perona R, Jimenez B, del Peso L, Leon J, Arends M, Miki T, Lacal JC.