We will begin with some Python and UNIX basics. Python is run as a script, just like a Perl, Tcl/Tk or UNIX shell script. It therefore must run through another program, an interpreter. We can run a Python script as a file to be read by the interpreter: $ python hello.py Or we can run it as an executable: $ ./hello.py But to do so, we must change the mode of the program: $ chmod u+x hello.py tell the UNIX shell where the interpreter is located. This is done by adding this line to the top of the script: #!/usr/bin/env python